the STEPPES
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ECONOMY
Analysis | “When the Steppes Speak for the Earth: ASTANA’s Call for a Shared Climate Destiny”
… archive Ashraf AboArafe IN the wide geography of Central Asia—where glaciers crown distant mountains and rivers carry the lifeblood…
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ECONOMY
UZBEKISTAN & QATAR… A BRIDGE of Sustainable Development Between the DESERT and the STEPPES
Ashraf AboArafe ✍️ In a world of rapid change and interwoven interests, the relationship between Uzbekistan and Qatar stands as…
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POLITICS
Across the STEPPES and the NORTH… KAZAKHSTAN’s Hand Reaches Toward RUSSIA
✍️ Ashraf AboArafe In a gesture rich with symbolism, Kazakhstan’s Foreign Minister Ermek Kosherbayev began his first official…
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